Project Trident

Project Trident from Microsoft Research
A scientific workflow workbench, allowing researchers in any discipline to build their own custom computer experiments without relying on computer scientists.
This uses companion technologies like, Dryad and DryadLINQ, adding capabilities to multiprocessor systems and large computer "clusters", to enable those experiments handling extremely large computations, like those required by Neptune.
A workflow in science is the process of turning raw data from sensors and other sources into information that researchers can use.
Project Trident begins with the Windows Workflow Foundation,. From there, the team has built all of the tools and services that are unique to scientific workflow. As it uses widely available Microsoft Technologies, Project Trident enables scientists to plug into many different systems and reuse piece of experiements in new ways.
Project Trident also provides for what's known as "provenance" - the ability to re-create an experiment to validate teh result - along with a registered repository of workflows that lets scientists know who wrote the workflow, how long it's been around and where its code came from.
Architecture:

Next wave in .NET Platform: Dublin

Dublin. The next wave to build and manage composite applications...

Microsoft .NET 4.0 added new significant functionality to the next version of WCF and WWF. A new set of enhanced Windows Server application server capablities code named, Dublin, to offer greater scalability and easier manageability which extends IIS to provide a standard host for applications that use workflow or communications.

Dublin will initially be made available for download and use by Windows server customers. Dublin will first become available after the release of the .NET FW 4.0 and VS 2010.

Dublin will continue to provide backward compatibility for existing WWF and WCF applications. Customers can confidently start building applications on top Windows server 2008 and .NET 3.5., with assurances that those application will enjoy the benefits of Dublin when it becomes available.

Dublin will be the first Microsoft Server product to support for Oslo Modelling platform. It doesn't require Oslo to operate and provide benefits of hosting .NET applications, however, admins will be able to deploy the applications from Oslo repository directly to Dublin application server.

Dublin provides model-drivern Oslo applications with powerful runtime environment out of the box.

The integration server and application server workloads are distinct and complementary. Customer that need to connect heterogenous systems across an enterprise, like with BizTalk, but don't need to develop and run custom application logic, will deploy BizTalk Server. When customers need both capabilities, BizTalk server and Dublin will work together.

Dublin has prebuilt developer services and greater scalability and easier manageability.